With the development of hydrogen energy technology, the working performance of hydrogen ejector in low temperature environment has become a key factor restricting the application of hydrogen fuel system. Low temperature can easily cause the liquid inside the ejector to freeze, the performance of component materials to deteriorate, and cause abnormal injection or even equipment damage. Improving its antifreeze ability and reliability through multi-dimensional strategies is crucial to ensure the stable operation of hydrogen energy equipment.
First of all, optimizing the material selection of hydrogen ejector is the basis for improving antifreeze and reliability. Traditional materials are prone to embrittlement and shrinkage at low temperatures, and materials with excellent low temperature resistance can be used. For example, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), special stainless steel and other materials are used to make key components of the ejector. PEEK has good low temperature resistance and can still maintain high strength and toughness in low temperature environments, effectively avoiding brittle cracking of components; special stainless steels such as 304L and 316L not only have strong corrosion resistance, but also have stable mechanical properties at low temperatures, which can prevent sealing failure caused by material shrinkage. In addition, the sealing material is upgraded, and low temperature resistant rubber materials such as fluororubber and silicone rubber are used. These materials can still maintain good elasticity at low temperatures, ensure the sealing of the ejector, and prevent hydrogen leakage.
Secondly, improving the structural design of the ejector can effectively enhance the antifreeze performance. Design a reasonable insulation structure and add an insulation layer to the outside of the ejector, such as wrapping the ejector with high-efficiency insulation materials such as polyurethane foam and aerogel felt to reduce heat loss and reduce the risk of internal liquid freezing. At the same time, optimize the internal flow channel design of the ejector to avoid dead corners of liquid retention, so that hydrogen can remain in a flowing state in the ejector and reduce the possibility of freezing. For example, a streamlined flow channel design is adopted to reduce fluid resistance and promote the rapid passage of hydrogen through the ejector; a heating device such as a heating wire and a heating film is set at the easy-to-freeze part, and the temperature is monitored in real time through an intelligent temperature control system. When the temperature is lower than the set threshold, heating is automatically started to prevent liquid freezing.
Furthermore, optimizing the working system of the hydrogen ejector is crucial to improving reliability. Add a preheating link to the hydrogen fuel system, and preheat the hydrogen ejector and related pipelines before starting at low temperature to raise the temperature of the components to an appropriate range. Electric heating, hot fluid circulation heating, etc. can be used to quickly increase the temperature of the ejector to ensure its normal operation. At the same time, improve the control system so that it has a low-temperature adaptive function. The ambient temperature and the working status of the injector are monitored in real time by sensors. When a low temperature environment is detected, the injection parameters are automatically adjusted, such as increasing the injection pressure and optimizing the injection time interval, to ensure the stable injection of hydrogen. In addition, the system is pressure-regulated to avoid the impact of gas contraction and pressure drop caused by low temperature on the injection performance, ensuring that the injector can still work accurately at low temperatures.
In addition, the development of antifreeze additives and treatment technologies provides new ways to prevent freezing. Adding an appropriate amount of antifreeze additives, such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, to hydrogen can reduce the freezing point of water in hydrogen and prevent freezing. However, attention should be paid to the amount of additives added and the impact on the purity of hydrogen to avoid negative impacts on the hydrogen fuel system. At the same time, dehydration and drying technology is used to deeply dehydrate hydrogen through molecular sieves, desiccants, etc. before hydrogen enters the injector to remove the water in it and eliminate the hidden danger of freezing from the source. In addition, the surface of the injector is treated, such as coating with a hydrophobic coating, to reduce the adhesion of water on the surface of the component and reduce the probability of freezing.
In terms of maintenance and management, a complete low-temperature protection and maintenance system is established. Formulate the use specifications and maintenance standards of hydrogen ejectors in low-temperature environments, and regularly inspect and maintain the ejectors. Check whether the insulation layer is intact, whether the heating device is working properly, whether the seals are aging, etc., to promptly discover and deal with potential problems. At the same time, strengthen the training of operators so that they understand the working characteristics and antifreeze measures of hydrogen ejectors in low-temperature environments, and master the correct operating methods and emergency handling skills. In addition, establish an equipment operation monitoring system to record the working data of the ejector in real time, predict equipment failures through data analysis, take maintenance measures in advance, and ensure the reliable operation of the ejector in low-temperature environments.
In addition, carrying out low-temperature environment simulation testing and optimization is also an important means to improve performance. Use equipment such as low-temperature test chambers to simulate different low-temperature environmental conditions and perform performance tests on hydrogen ejectors. The test content includes indicators such as injection accuracy, response speed, and sealing, and analyzes the influence of low temperature on the performance of the ejector. According to the test results, the materials, structures, systems, etc. of the ejector are optimized in a targeted manner. For example, by adjusting the power and position of the heating device, the antifreeze effect can be improved; the sealing structure can be improved to enhance the sealing. Through continuous testing and optimization, the working performance and reliability of hydrogen ejectors in low-temperature environments can be gradually improved.
Finally, promote the formulation of industry standards and specifications to provide guarantees for the improvement of hydrogen ejector's low-temperature performance. Relevant departments and industry organizations should jointly formulate performance standards and test specifications for hydrogen ejectors in low-temperature environments, and clarify technical requirements for antifreeze and reliability. This will help unify product quality standards, promote enterprises to increase R&D investment, promote the innovation and development of hydrogen ejector technology, ensure the safe and stable operation of hydrogen energy equipment in low-temperature environments, and help the widespread application of the hydrogen energy industry.
Through the above comprehensive strategies from materials, structures, systems to maintenance management, test optimization and standard formulation, the antifreeze ability and reliability of hydrogen ejectors in low-temperature environments can be effectively improved, laying a solid foundation for the development and application of hydrogen energy technology.
